央行“加息” 上调逆回购中标利率至2.55%
| Suruhanjaya Bebas Tatakelakuan Polis | |
| Commission overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 1 July 2023 |
| Jurisdiction | Government of Malaysia |
| Headquarters | Aras 7, Setia Perkasa 7, Kompleks Setia Perkasa, Putrajaya |
| Minister responsible | |
| Deputy Minister responsible | |
| Commission executives |
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| Parent department | Ministry of Home Affairs |
| Key document | |
| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Malaysia |
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百度 中国进入城市群发展阶段左晖认为，房地产市场40年的发展，对整个中国经济发展都起到了非常关键性的作用：“第一，自1998年房改后，中国开启了大规模的建设浪潮；第二，居住条件得到了显著改善；第三，住房的成套率发生了很大的变化，今天已经到了90%以上；第四，今天的户均住房套数也在发生变化，‘房户比’这个指标各个地区分布是非常不均衡的，比如上海、北京房屋和户数比是；第五，住房基本上实现了可支付，尽管涨幅比较高，但基本上实现了可支付的问题。
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The Independent Police Conduct Commission (IPCC) is an independent oversight body in Malaysia that oversees the conduct of the Royal Malaysia Police. The controversial commission is a replacement for the Independent Police Complaints and Misconduct Commission (IPCMC) which was recommended by the Royal Commission of Inquiry (RCI) to Enhance the Operation and Management of the Royal Malaysia Police in 2005.[2]
Coming into force in June 2023,[3] the commission is primarily tasked to consider complaints from the public against the police force and deal with police misconduct. The commission derives its power from the IPCC Act 2022. Under Section 4 of the Act, the commission's functions are to receive complaints alleging misconduct by members of the police force and advice the government on promoting integrity within the force.[4]
History
[edit]The Royal Malaysia Police has a long history of human rights violations and abuse of power including the excessive use of force, torture, ill-treatment, harassment, and death in custody as documented by both national and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs).[5] Notable recent cases include the death of Mohd Afis Ahmad who died from blunt force trauma to the head in January 2021 while in police custody,[6] and the death of milk trader A. Ganapathy, who died from injuries on his legs and shoulders while in police custody in April 2021.[7] Promised investigations into such cases by the police force are usually not fulfilled.
Tabling of IPCMC Bill in July 2019
[edit]In July 2019, the Pakatan Harapan (PH) government tabled an IPCMC Bill in the parliament to replace the Enforcement Agency Integrity Commission (EAIC). The Bill received severe criticism from civil society as it failed to provide the proposed commission sufficient powers and independence to ensure its effectiveness.[8] In response to massive public outcry, the government postponed the second reading of the bill scheduled in October 2019 and referred the bill to Parliamentary Special Select Committee (PSC) for Consideration of Bills for further reviews and considerations.[9]
After conducting extensive reviews and public consultations, the PSC amended the bill which restored most of the contents proposed by the RCI in 2005. However, before the amended bill could be tabled in the parliament for second reading, the PH coalition government collapsed in March 2020 from the Sheraton move.
Introduction of IPCC Bill
[edit]The Perikatan Nasional (PN) coalition that took over the government after the Sheraton Move introduced the fresh IPCC Bill in August 2020, purportedly with the same intent as the IPCMC bill but ignoring the work of the PSC. According to then-Minister of Home Affairs Hamzah Zainudin, the bill was drafted "after a comparison was made between the Independent Office for Police Conduct (United Kingdom) and the Independent Police Complaints Council (Hong Kong)".[10]
The IPCC bill was described by Amnesty International Malaysia as being "regressive" as it "undermines years of consultations", and that the IPCC will have less power than the EAIC, the bill it is set to replace.[11]
The bill was passed with a majority voice vote in the Dewan Rakyat on 26 July 2022[12] and the Dewan Negara on 8 August 2022.[13]
Going into force on 1 July 2023
[edit]After the 15th general election, the new home minister Saifuddin Nasution Ismail announced in December 2022 that the IPCC Act 2022 will be enforced in June 2023 as scheduled.[14] This was met with fresh rounds of pushback from civil society, with the Malaysian Bar urging the new government to amend the IPCC Act before it comes into force.[15][16]
The IPCC Act 2022 eventually went into force on 1 July 2023 and the commission was formally established on the same day.[17][18]
References
[edit]- ^ "Five appointed to IPCC". The Star. 11 Jan 2024. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.
- ^ Kandasamy, Darshini (2025-08-14). "17 years on, we're still haunted by the promise of an IPCMC". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Noorshahrizam, Shahrin Aizat (2025-08-14). "IPCC Act to be in force June 2023, says home minister". Malay Mail. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Independent Police Conduct Commission Act 2022" (PDF). Federal Legislation (LOM). 18 Oct 2022. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.
- ^ "Malaysia: IPCC bill is a step backwards for police accountability". ARTICLE 19. 27 October 2021. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Predeep, Nambiar (3 February 2021). "Kedah family wants justice for man who died in police custody". Free Malaysia Today. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ Choong, Jerry (2025-08-14). "Report: Ganapathy's family lawyer says autopsy report confirms death due to shoulder and leg injuries". Malay Mail. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ KiniGuide (2025-08-14). "IPCMC is here - but does it have bite?". Malaysiakini. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "History in Parliament as IPCMC Bill is first to be referred to Special Select Committee for consideration". The Star. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Ong, Shazni (2025-08-14). "IPCC Bill 2020 tabled for second reading in Parliament". The Edge Markets. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Malaysia: IPCC bill is a step backwards for police accountability — Amnesty International Malaysia, ARTICLE 19, Civicus and HRW". Malay Mail. 2025-08-14. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ Adam, Ashman (26 July 2022). "Controversial IPCC on overseeing cops' conduct passed in Parliament with minimal resistance". Malay Mail. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.
- ^ "Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Dewan Negara" [Parliament Hansard of Dewan Negara] (PDF). Parliament of Malaysia (in Malay). 8 August 2022. pp. 94–116. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.
- ^ Noorshahrizam, Shahrin Aizat (2025-08-14). "IPCC Act to be in force June 2023, says home minister". Malay Mail. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Press Release | IPCC Lacks the Authority to Uphold Police Accountability - The Malaysian Bar". www.malaysianbar.org.my. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "M'sian Bar wants govt to amend IPCC Act before it comes into force". The Star. Retrieved 2025-08-14.
- ^ "Appointment of Date of Coming into Operation" (PDF). Federal Legislation (LOM). 21 November 2022. Retrieved 9 February 2025.
- ^ "IPCC has received 348 complaints since its establishment in July last year". Free Malaysia Today. 19 July 2024. Retrieved 9 Feb 2025.