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| Chinali | |
|---|---|
| ???????????????? Chinalbhashe | |
| Native to | Himachal Pradesh |
| Region | Chandra and Chandrabhaga Valley |
| Ethnicity | Chinali[citation needed] |
Native speakers | 215 (2016)[1] |
Indo-European
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | cih |
| Glottolog | chin1475 |
Wiktionary has a category on Chinali language.
Chinali (natively called Chinalbhashe)[citation needed] is an unclassified, and critically endangered language of India spoken by about 220 people. Many speakers are well educated.[1] Speakers are distributed throughout Lahul (or Lahaul) Valley.[2] It is written in the Devanagari script.[1] It is possible that Chinali is also closely related to Sanskrit.[3]
Phonology
[edit]| Labial | Dental | Palatal | Retroflex | Velar/ Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ? | ? | ? | |
| Stop | voiceless | p | t? | ? | k | |
| aspirated | p? | t?? | ?? | k? | ||
| voiced | b | d? | ? | ɡ | ||
| breathy | b? | d?? | ?? | ɡ? | ||
| Affricate | voiceless | t?s | t?? | |||
| aspirated | t?s? | t??? | ||||
| voiced | d?z | d?? | ||||
| breathy | d??? | |||||
| Semi vowels | w | |||||
| Spirants | unvoiced | s | ? | ? | x | |
| voiced | z | ? | ||||
| Vibrant | r | ? | ||||
| Lateral | l | ? | ||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Near-close/high | i? | u? | |
| mid higher | ? ?? | ? | |
| Near-open | ? ?? ??? | a a? |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Chinali at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ "Indo-Aryan Languages", "International Encyclopedia of Linguistics Vol. 1" edited by W. J. Frawley.
- ^ Chamberlain, Brad, Wendy (August 2019). "A Sociolinguistic Survey of Lahul Valley, Himachal Pradesh" (PDF). SIL International: 10.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b A Descriptive Grammar & Vocabulary of Chinali, Dr. D.D. Sharma