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| CTA 102 | |
|---|---|
 SDSS image of CTA 102. | |
| Observation data (Epoch J2000) | |
| Constellation | Pegasus |
| Right ascension | 22h 32m 36.4s[1] |
| Declination | +11° 43′ 51s″[1] |
| Redshift | 1.037[1] |
| Distance | 8 billion light years[2] |
| Other designations | |
| CTA-102, Q2230+11, QSR B2230+114, QSO J2232+1143, 4C +11.69, PGC 2819036 | |
| See also: Quasar, List of quasars | |
CTA 102, also known by its B1950 coordinates as 2230+114 (QSR B2230+114) and its J2000 coordinates as J2232+1143 (QSO J2232+1143), is a blazar-type quasar discovered in the early 1960s by a radio survey carried out by the California Institute of Technology.[3] It has been observed by a large range of instruments since its discovery, including WMAP, EGRET, GALEX, VSOP and Parkes,[1] and has been regularly imaged by the Very Long Baseline Array since 1995.[4] It has also been detected in gamma rays, and a gamma-ray flare has been detected from it.[5]
In 1963 Nikolai Kardashev proposed that the then-unidentified radio source could be evidence of a Type II or III extraterrestrial civilization on the Kardashev scale.[3] Follow-up observations were announced in 1965 by Gennady Sholomitskii, who found that the object's radio emission was varying;[6] a public announcement of these results on April 12, 1965, caused a worldwide sensation.[7] The idea that the emission was caused by a civilization was rejected when the radio source was later identified as one of the many varieties of a quasar.[3]
The American folk rock band The Byrds whimsically reflected the original view that CTA-102 was a sign of extraterrestrial intelligence in their song "C.T.A.-102" from their 1967 album Younger Than Yesterday.[8]
In late 2016 CTA 102, usually glowing around magnitude +17, had a bright outburst in visible light to magnitude +11 (~250 times brighter than usual).[9][10] This likely was the most luminous blazar state ever observed,[11] with an absolute magnitude in excess of -32.
A new outburst began in December 2017, with increased gamma-ray[12] and optical activity.[13] As of 22 December 2017, it has reached magnitude +14.[14]
CTA 102 displays a radio structure mainly made of a radio core and two other components. There is also a double knot feature.[15] Additionally, it also has two radio lobes described having flux densities of 170 and 75 mJy, with a jet found as curved according to high resolution imaging by Very Long Baseline interferometry at 15 GHz. This jet contains jet components moving with apparent velocities of 15.4 ± 0.9c.[16]
The quasar is also classified to be highly polarized with a flat radio spectrum, and such belongs to a classification of optically violent variable quasars.[17][18]
See also
[edit]- PSR B1919+21, the first pulsar discovered, mistaken for an alien radio signal
- HD 164595
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d "CTA 102 in the NASA Extragalactic Database". Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ Christensen, Andrea; University, Brigham Young (19 December 2017). "Galaxy 8 billion light years away offers insight into supermassive black holes". Phys.org. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
- ^ a b c "CTA-102". Internet Encyclopedia of Space; David Darling. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ "MOJAVE Sample: 2230+114". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ^ "Fermi LAT detection of a GeV flare from blazar CTA 102". Astronomers Telegram. 3 May 2011. Retrieved 3 May 2011.
- ^ Sholomitsky, G. B. (1965). "Variability of the Radio Source CTA-102". Information Bulletin on Variable Stars. 83: 1. Bibcode:1965IBVS...83....1S.
- ^ Charbonneau, Rebecca (5 April 2023). "This Month in Astronomical History: April 2023". American Astronomical Society.
- ^ Rogan, Johnny (2011). Byrds: Requiem for the Timeless. Rogan House. pp. 317–320. ISBN 978-0-95295-408-8.
- ^ "Quasar CTA 102: Historically Bright, Violently Variable". Sky & Telescope. 23 November 2016.
- ^ "Swift XRT and UVOT flares accompany brightest ever gamma-ray flare of CTA 102". Astronomers Telegram. 1 Jan 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "CTA 102 brightens up to the most luminous optical blazar state ever detected". Astronomers Telegram. 16 Dec 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "AGILE detection of increasing gamma-ray activity from CTA 102". Astronomers Telegram. 9 Dec 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "CRTS-II Detection of Increased Optical Activity from CTA 102". Astronomers Telegram. 9 Dec 2017. Retrieved 23 July 2020.
- ^ "AAVSO – WebObs Search Results".
- ^ Rantakyro, F. T.; Baath, L. B.; Backer, D. C.; Booth, R. S.; Carlstrom, J. E.; Emerson, D. T.; Grewing, M.; Hirabayashi, H.; Hodges, M. W.; Inoue, M.; Kobayashi, H.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Kus, A. J.; Moran, J. M.; Morimoto, M. (September 1998). "50 MU as resolution VLBI images of AGN's at lambda 3 mm" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 131 (3): 451–467. Bibcode:1998A&AS..131..451R. doi:10.1051/aas:1998282. ISSN 0365-0138.
- ^ Fromm, C. M.; Ros, E.; Savolainen, T.; Perucho, M.; Lobanov, A. P.; Zensus, J. A. (2011). "The 2006 radio flare in the jet of CTA 102". Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana. 82: 65. arXiv:1011.4831. Bibcode:2011MmSAI..82...65F. ISSN 0037-8720.
- ^ Taylor, Gregory B. (April 2000). "Magnetic Fields in Quasar Cores. II". The Astrophysical Journal. 533 (1): 95–105. arXiv:astro-ph/9911414. Bibcode:2000ApJ...533...95T. doi:10.1086/308666. ISSN 0004-637X.
- ^ Larionov, V. M.; Villata, M.; Raiteri, C. M.; Jorstad, S. G.; Marscher, A. P.; Agudo, I.; Smith, P. S.; Acosta-Pulido, J. A.; ˙arévalo, M. J.; Arkharov, A. A.; Bachev, R.; Blinov, D. A.; Borisov, G.; Borman, G. A.; Bozhilov, V. (2025-08-06). "Exceptional outburst of the blazar CTA 102 in 2012: the GASP–WEBT campaign and its extension". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 461 (3): 3047–3056. arXiv:1606.07836. doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1516. ISSN 0035-8711.
